FCGRT

What is FCGRT Protein?

The FCGRT protein, also known as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), plays an important role in our immune system. It helps transfer IgG antibodies from mothers to their babies via the placenta, giving newborns a head start in combatting infections. Beyond that, FcRn works like a recycling center by binding with IgG and albumin to extend their lifespan in the blood. This clever mechanism keeps these proteins from being broken down too quickly by the body. Understanding how FcRn works is not just about basic science; it opens doors to new ways to treat autoimmune diseases and improve drug delivery by making medicines last longer in the bloodstream.

What is the Function of FCGRT Protein?

The FCGRT protein, or neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), has some pretty vital jobs in the body. It’s like a bridge that transfers IgG antibodies from moms to their babies either through the placenta or via breast milk. This transfer gives newborns some early protection against infections. But that’s not all; FcRn acts like a recycling coordinator by binding IgG and albumin, keeping them in circulation longer and protecting them from being broken down too quickly. This function is essential not only for maintaining balanced protein levels but also for designing drugs that take advantage of this recycling process to enhance their effectiveness and longevity in the bloodstream. Understanding FcRn is opening up fresh ideas for tackling autoimmune disorders and creating smarter therapies.

FCGRT Related Signaling Pathway

The FCGRT protein, commonly called the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), does a lot more than just move antibodies around. It's a key player in how our cells communicate, especially when it comes to regulating the immune system. FcRn catches IgG antibodies in acidic environments like endosomes, shielding them from being broken down and recycling them back into circulation. This process helps the antibodies and albumin stick around longer, which is crucial for keeping our immune responses in check and balancing protein levels in the body. Scientists are particularly interested in how FcRn might influence pathways that are involved in autoimmune diseases. This makes FcRn a hot topic in research aimed at developing therapies that make use of its recycling ability to better manage immune disorders. By getting a grip on how these pathways work, there's potential for designing drugs that more accurately target immune system issues.

FCGRT Related Diseases

The FCGRT protein, also known as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), plays a big role in certain diseases because it handles antibodies in a unique way. By making IgG antibodies and albumin last longer in the bloodstream, FcRn is crucial in autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, where the immune system attacks its own tissues. These conditions can worsen because FcRn helps these harmful antibodies stick around longer, increasing their ability to cause damage. This is why scientists are looking at FcRn as a target for new treatments. By tweaking how FcRn works, they hope to shorten the lifespan of these damaging antibodies and make symptoms more manageable. Understanding FcRn’s role in these diseases could lead to better approaches to treating autoimmune issues.

Bioapplications of FCGRT

The FCGRT protein, or neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), has some cool bioapplications that researchers are exploring. One area is drug delivery and longevity. Since FcRn protects IgG antibodies from being broken down quickly, scientists are using this feature to extend the lifespan of therapeutic antibodies and proteins in the body. This means a drug could work longer without needing frequent doses. Another exciting application is in autoimmune therapies. By targeting FcRn, doctors aim to reduce harmful antibodies in conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. FcRn is also important in vaccine development, where it helps improve how well a vaccine can teach the immune system to fight infections. Exploring these bioapplications of FcRn could lead to longer-lasting drugs, better treatments for autoimmunity, and more effective vaccines.

Case Study 1: Haga K. et al. Genes Cells. 2024

Human astrovirus (HAstV) causes stomach issues in infants, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems. Researchers haven’t nailed down exactly how it works since its receptor was unknown. However, a CRISPR-Cas9 screen on Caco2 cells pointed to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) as a potential player. Knocking out parts of FcRn makes cells resistant to HAstV. Plus, FcRn allows the virus to enter otherwise resistant cells by binding directly with its spike protein. This finding could help develop treatments targeting astrovirus infections.

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  Fig1. Detection of FCGRT and B2M in Caco2 cells.
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  Fig2. Detection of FCGRT in 293T cells and FCGRT-KO clones.

Case Study 2: Chen X. et al. mBio. 2022

How viruses interact with receptors decides where they can infect. The past work found CD55 and FcRn play roles for some echoviruses. Echovirus 18 (E18), common in kids' aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis, doesn't rely on CD55. Using CRISPR/Cas9, researchers discovered FcRn is key for E18 entry. Knocking out its subunits, FCGRT and B2M, stopped E18 and related viruses from infecting. They also used cryo-EM to show how E18 recognizes FcRn: it binds to a specific spot, causing structural changes that help release the pocket factor, similar to other viruses in its group.

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  Fig3. Enrichment of gene expression after E18 infection versus an uninfected control.
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  Fig4. SPR assay characterizing the binding between E18 full particles and FcRn.

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  Fig1. FcRn-mediated recycling provides a long half-life to monomeric IgG or small IgG immune complexes whereas multimeric IgG immune complexes are degraded. (Michal Pyzik, 2023)
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  Fig2. FcRn-mediated transplacental transfer of maternal IgG to the offspring. (Michal Pyzik, 2023)

FCGRT has several biochemical functions, for example, IgG binding,IgG receptor activity,beta-2-microglobulin binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by FCGRT itself. We selected most functions FCGRT had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with FCGRT. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
NOT peptide antigen binding	HFE
IgG receptor activity	FCGR1
IgG binding	FCGR1,PIP,cgr2b,FCGR1B,CD247L,FCGR2B,FCER1G,FCGR2C,FCGR3A,FCGR1A
beta-2-microglobulin binding	CD1B,H2-Q10,CD1D,CD1E,CD1A,CD1D2,HLA-E,CD1C,HFE,HLA-A

FCGRT has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with FCGRT here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of FCGRT.

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