Recombinant Human CCL15 protein(Gln22-Ile113), His-tagged

• Cat.No.: CCL15-197H
• Product Overview: Recombinant Human CCL15 (Q16663-1) (Gln 22-Ile 113) was expressed in E. coli, with a polyhistide tag at the C-terminus.

Specification

• Source: E. coli
• Species: Human
• Tag: His
• Protein length: Gln22-Ile113
• Form: Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization.
• Molecular Mass: The recombinant human CCL15 consisting of 103 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 11.7 kDa. It migrates as an approximately 13 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
• Purity: > 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
• Storage: Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20°C to -80°C. Store it under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Reconstitution: It is recommended that sterile water be added to the vial to prepare a stock solution of 0.2 ug/ul. Centrifuge the vial at 4°C before opening to recover the entire contents.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: CCL15 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: CCL15
• Synonyms: CCL15; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15; SCYA15, small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys), member 15; C-C motif chemokine 15; CC chemokine 3; chemokine CC 2; HCC 2; HMRP 2B; leukotactin 1; Lkn 1; macrophage inflammatory protein 5; MIP 1 delta; MIP 1d; MIP 5; NCC 3; SCYL3; MIP-1 delta; chemokine CC-2; new CC chemokine 3; small-inducible cytokine A15; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 15; LKN1; NCC3; SY15; HCC-2; LKN-1; MIP-5; NCC-3; MIP-1D; MRP-2B; SCYA15; HMRP-2B
• Gene ID: 6359
• mRNA Refseq: NM_032965
• Protein Refseq: NP_116741
• MIM: 601393
• UniProt ID: Q16663

Case Study

Case 1: Pang N, et al. Mol Med Rep. 2020

Scientists have realized that fibrocytes are important for healing wounds, but the way they reach the wound isn't entirely clear. They've identified that endothelial cells might be involved in pulling these fibrocytes in. Using a co-culture system, they identified that CCL15 produced by endothelial cells plays a key role. When CCL15 or its receptor CCR1 is enhanced, fibrocyte movement increases, while reducing them hinders this migration. This suggests the CCL15-CCR1 link is important in getting fibrocytes to wounds.

Fig1. Concentrations of CCL2, CCL15 and CXCL8 in the medium of mono-cultured HUVECs and co-cultured HUVECs were measured by ELISA.

Fig2. Concentrations of CCL15 HUVEC culture supernatant in each group were measured by ELISA.

Case 2: Liu Y, et al. J Mol Med (Berl). 2024

Researchers found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial in how tumors grow and resist treatment. They also discovered that CTHRC1, a protein linked to tissue repair and expressed in cancers like colorectal cancer, influences TAMs and tumor behavior. High levels of CTHRC1 are found in all stages of colorectal cancer and correlate with poor outcomes. It encourages M2 macrophage activity and increases CCL15 through the TGFβ/Smad pathway, helping tumors progress. The study suggests that CTHRC1 could be a target for immune therapies since it plays a role in tumor immune tolerance and resistance.

Fig1. The secretion level of CCL15 under the treatment of rCTHRC1.

Fig2. TGF-β/Smad signaling and CCL15 expression levels in HT-29 cells.

Application

CCL15, sometimes called MIP-5 or Lkn-1, is a small protein that helps direct white blood cells and contributes to inflammation. Scientists often use its lab-made version to research how the immune system works and how inflammation occurs. CCL15 interacts with certain receptors, CCR1 and CCR3, helping guide cells like neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. This activity is particularly important for understanding inflammatory conditions such as severe asthma and sarcoidosis. Furthermore, its prevalence in follicular thyroid cancer highlights its importance in tumor microenvironments. Researchers utilize recombinant CCL15 to explore how it affects cell migration and differentiation in lab settings, providing insights particularly into eosinophilic leukemia. In the industrial realm, recombinant CCL15 is produced using E. coli systems, ensuring high purity and biological activity. This protein is an essential component in developing diagnostic assays, where it serves as a standard or antigen for detecting inflammation markers. It's also pivotal in crafting specific antibodies for various laboratory techniques, such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The high activity of recombinant CCL15 allows for standardized bioactivity testing, which is valuable for consistent experimental results. The production process involves optimizing genes and expression conditions, followed by large-scale fermentation and protein purification. Overall, recombinant CCL15 is invaluable both in scientific research and industrial applications. Its effectiveness and specificity make it a critical tool in studying immune system functions, inflammation, and developing new therapies. Whether it’s helping to evaluate potential drugs or standardizing diagnostic tools, CCL15 stands out as a key player in advancing our understanding and treatment of various medical conditions.

Fig1. Effects of chemokines produced by TAMs on tumors. (Rui Qin, 2023)