UBE2D2

What is UBE2D2 Protein?

The UBE2D2 protein is an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. It helps tag proteins with ubiquitin, marking them for breakdown or changing how they work in the cell. By working with E3 ligases, UBE2D2 gets the ubiquitination process going, which is crucial for things like cell division and fixing DNA. In short, UBE2D2 is important for keeping cells running properly by managing how proteins act and are recycled.

What is the Function of UBE2D2 Protein?

The UBE2D2 protein is a key player in keeping your cells tidy and working well. It acts in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is like your cell's way of taking out the trash. UBE2D2 helps attach a small protein called ubiquitin to the stuff that needs to be disposed of – think of ubiquitin as a tag saying, "Time to go!" This tagging process is crucial for keeping things like cell growth, DNA fixing, and immune responses on track. If this system gets messed up, it can lead to all sorts of problems, including cancer, because faulty proteins pile up. So, UBE2D2 is super important for ensuring cells stay healthy by getting rid of the junk.

UBE2D2 Related Signaling Pathway

UBE2D2 is a pretty significant player in various cellular pathways, mainly because of its role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Think of it as one of the key folks managing the cell's protein disposal and recycling center. UBE2D2 is involved in pathways related to protein degradation, which impacts cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and even apoptosis – that’s when cells intentionally die off, which is crucial for healthy growth and development. Also, it’s tied to immune responses by helping manage how proteins that activate immune reactions are broken down. If UBE2D2 and these pathways go wonky, it might lead to issues like cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. In simple terms, UBE2D2 is crucial for pathways that keep cells functioning smoothly and respond properly to changes.

UBE2D2 Related Diseases

UBE2D2 might not be a household name, but it's pretty important when it comes to certain diseases. This protein’s all about marking damaged or extra proteins for clean-up. If something goes wrong here, it could lead to trouble. For example, when UBE2D2 isn't doing its job properly, it can lead to cancer. This happens because bad proteins hang around and mess with cell division or even trigger unrestrained growth. Beyond cancer, there’s talk about its link to neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s. The idea is that if UBE2D2 and its buddies fail to clear out faulty proteins in nerve cells, those cells could start malfunctioning or dying. So, while UBE2D2 might be a backstage contributor, its impact on health is anything but minor.

Bioapplications of UBE2D2

The UBE2D2 protein might not be something you talk about over dinner, but it's got some pretty cool potential in the world of biotech. Scientists are looking into how they can use it in medical research, especially with diseases where protein cleanup in cells goes haywire. For instance, by studying UBE2D2, we might find new ways to tackle cancer by figuring out how to get rid of those pesky proteins that drive cell growth out of control. There's also interest in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. If we can understand how UBE2D2 works in brain cells, maybe we can keep those cells healthier for longer. Plus, it's got some implications in drug development, as targeting the pathways UBE2D2 is involved in might lead to new therapies. So, while UBE2D2 might not sound glamorous, it's a hot topic for researchers aiming to solve some big health puzzles.

Case Study 1: Hu K. et al. Med Sci Monit. 2020

Circular RNA UBE2D2 (circ_UBE2D2) is linked to breast cancer. It's higher in tamoxifen-resistant cells and can be transferred via exosomes to other cells, increasing their resistance too. It targets miR-200a-3p, boosting cell growth, spread, and tamoxifen resistance by affecting ERalpha levels.

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  Fig1. Circ_UBE2D2 expression in MCF-7/TAM-R-exo and MCF-7/Par-exo was detected by qRT-PCR.
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  Fig2. The interaction between miR-200a-3p and circ_UBE2D2 was confirmed using the RIP assay.

Case Study 2: Sakata E. et al. Structure. 2010

E2 ubiquitin enzymes help attach ubiquitin to target proteins. UbcH5b is crucial in starting this process with several E3 ligases. Researchers discovered the 2.2 Å crystal structure of a UbcH5b~ubiquitin complex, forming an infinite spiral. This structure likely offers multiple active sites for efficient ubiquitination. Tests suggest it acts as a bridge, linking the substrate's lysine to E2's catalytic cysteine efficiently.

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  Fig3. Single Mutations in the HPN Motif Resulted in a Significant Defect in Ubiquitination.
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  Fig4. Effects of the UbcH5b∼Ub conjugates on the ubiquitination activity of UbcH5b(F62A).

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  Fig1. Schematic representation of acetylation-dependent interaction of HMGB1 and SIRT1. (Xiangwei Qi, 2021)

UBE2D2 has several biochemical functions, for example, ATP binding,protein binding,ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by UBE2D2 itself. We selected most functions UBE2D2 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with UBE2D2. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
protein binding	MKRN2,KDM2B,YIPF4,CELSR1,MBNL1,SEC13,ADCYAP1R1,RSL24D1,RHBDD1,EIF3A
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	FBXL14A,BIRC2,RFWD3,WWP2,UBR5,HECW2,WDSUB1,FBXL14,TRAF6,RNF144AB
ATP binding	CCT7,PCCA,CAD,CDK10,ABCF2,FES,EARS2,DCAKD,LTK,ACSF3
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity	UBE2QL1,UBE2B,UBE2T,UBE2D1,UBE2J2,UBE2G1,UBE2S,UBE2D4,UBE2Z,UBE2E1

UBE2D2 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with UBE2D2 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of UBE2D2.

RNF11;OTUB1;ZNRF1;RNF5;RNF43;MDM4