Recombinant Human CSF2 protein(Ala18-Glu144), hFc-tagged

• Cat.No.: CSF2-486H
• Product Overview: Recombinant Human CSF2 (NP_000749.2) (Ala 18-Glu 144) was expressed in HEK293, fused with the Fc region of Human IgG1 at the N-terminus.

Specification

• Species: Human
• Source: HEK293
• Tag: Fc
• Protein Length: 18-144 a.a.
• Form: Lyophilized from sterile 100mM Glycine, 10mM NaCl, 50mM Tris, pH 7.5. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization.
• Bio-activity: 1. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized CD131 at 10 μg/ml (100 μl/well) can bind recombinant human GM-CSF / Fc with a linear range of 0.032-4 μg/ml. 2. Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1-5 ng/mL.
• Molecular Mass: The recombinant human GM-CSF/Fc is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein. The reduced monomer consists of 364 amino acids and has a predicted molecular mass of 41 kDa. In SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular mass of rh GM-CSF/Fc monomer is approximately 48-55 kDa due to glycosylation.
• Endotoxin: < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
• Purity: > 97 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
• Storage: Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20°C to -80°C. Store it under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Reconstitution: It is recommended that sterile water be added to the vial to prepare a stock solution of 0.2 ug/ul. Centrifuge the vial at 4°C before opening to recover the entire contents.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: CSF2 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: CSF2
• Synonyms: CSF2; colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GM CSF; GMCSF; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; molgramostin; sargramostim; CSF; colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; MGC131935; MGC138897
• Gene ID: 1437
• mRNA Refseq: NM_000758
• Protein Refseq: NP_000749
• MIM: 138960
• UniProt ID: P04141

Case Study

Case 1: Li H, et al. Oncol Rep. 2022

Relapse and drug resistance are major hurdles in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study focused on two switchable SCLC phenotypes, H69A and H69S, which show different traits and drug sensitivities. Researchers found that H69A cells had higher levels of CSF2, a key gene in drug resistance. Reducing CSF2 increased drug sensitivity and altered cell traits. This change is linked to the p-STAT3/MYC pathway, suggesting that targeting CSF2 could be a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in SCLC treatments.

Fig1. H69A cells treated with 3 and 7 µg/ml butoconazole nitrate. The expression of CSF2 and GAPDH were analyzed by using western blotting.

Fig2. H69A was transfected with CSF2 shRNA and the expressions of CSF2, p-STAT3, STAT3 and MYC were detected by using western blotting.

Case 2: Moshe A, et al. Cells. 2020

Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is sometimes added to cancer treatments, but its effects aren't always consistent. In this study with melanoma models, researchers noticed that GM-CSF can make some tumors more aggressive while having little to no effect on others, or even calming them down. This difference might help doctors predict which patients could really benefit from GM-CSF, allowing for more personalized and effective treatment plans.

Fig1. BEC were stimulated with 30 ng/mL rhGM-CSF for 2, 6, 24 and 48 h.

Fig2. mCherry-expressing melanoma cells YDFR.CB3 were stimulated with 10 ng/mL rhGM-CSF for 24 h.

Application

Recombinant CSF2, or GM-CSF, is attracting attention in both research and medicine as an engineered protein that helps us understand immune responses and cell growth. It plays a big role in stimulating white blood cells, essential for fighting infections and healing. By studying this protein, scientists aim to unlock how it works in various diseases, which might open doors to targeted therapies. Think about having a way to naturally boost the immune system's ability to fight disease—recombinant CSF2 could pave the way for such advancements in research. In terms of treatment, recombinant CSF2 is promising for patients with weakened immune systems, like those undergoing chemotherapy or bone marrow transplants. It can potentially stimulate white blood cell production, helping patients recover faster and avoid infections. Moreover, there’s ongoing research into its application for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, where it could help in adjusting the immune response to prevent the body from mistakenly attacking itself. By tailoring treatments with recombinant CSF2, we could offer significant help to patients with chronic immune conditions, highlighting its importance in current medical research.

Fig1. Cartoon model suggesting possible role of GM-CSF and monocytes in AS pathogenesis. (Hui Shi, 2020)

Fig2. GM-CSF receptor and signaling. (Yingzi Chen, 2023)