Recombinant Human AR protein, His-tagged

• Cat.No.: AR-9788H
• Product Overview: Recombinant Human AR protein(1-285 aa), fused with His tag, was expressed in E.coli.

Specification

• Source: E.coli
• Species: Human
• Tag: His
• Form: The purified protein was Lyophilized from sterile PBS (58mM Na2HPO4,17mM NaH2PO4, 68mM NaCl, pH7.4). 5 % trehalose and 5 % mannitol are added as protectant before lyophilization. The elution buffer contain 300mM imidazole.
• Protein length: 1-285 aa
• AA Sequence: MEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQN LFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPP GASLLLLQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQETSPRQQQQQQGEDGSPQAHRR GPTGYLVLDEEQQPSQPQSALECHP ERGCVPEPGAAVAASKGLPQQLPAP PDEDDSAAPSTLSLLGPTFPGLSSC SADLKDILSEASTMQLLQQQQQEAV SEGSSSGRAREASGAPTSSKDNYLG GTSTISDNAKELCKAVSVSMGLGVE ALEHLSPGEQLRGDCMYAPLLGVPP AVRPTPCAPL
• Purity: 75%, by SDS-PAGE with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining.
• Storage: Short-term storage: Store at 2-8°C for (1-2 weeks).
  Long-term storage: Aliquot and store at -20°C to -80°C for up to 3 months, buffer containing 50% glycerol is recommended for reconstitution. Avoid repeat freeze-thaw cycles.
• Reconstitution: Reconstitute at 0.25 µg/μl in 200 μl sterile water for short-term storage.
  Reconstitution with 200 μl 50% glycerol solution is recommended for longer term storage.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: AR androgen receptor [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: AR
• Synonyms: AR; androgen receptor; DHTR, dihydrotestosterone receptor , SBMA, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; AIS; HUMARA; Kennedy disease; NR3C4; SMAX1; testicular feminization; dihydrotestosterone receptor; androgen nuclear receptor variant 2; nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4; KD; TFM; DHTR; SBMA; HYSP1
• Gene ID: 367
• mRNA Refseq: NM_000044
• Protein Refseq: NP_000035
• MIM: 313700
• UniProt ID: P10275

Reviews

02/02/2022

This level of support saves researchers time and resources, enabling them to focus on the scientific aspects of their work and accelerate the overall progress of their studies.

09/18/2020

The manufacturer can provide researchers with high-quality AR protein, ensuring it is properly purified, characterized, and quality-controlled.

04/26/2020

This may include providing detailed protocols, troubleshooting advice, and suggestions for experimental design.

04/03/2020

They can also address any questions or concerns regarding the AR protein, thereby facilitating smooth and efficient research execution.

02/02/2019

If researchers require specific variants or modifications of AR protein, the manufacturer can work with them to provide customized products tailored to their needs.

06/30/2018

Manufacturers may offer the option for custom protein production.

11/08/2017

This collaboration may extend beyond the purchase of the AR protein, potentially leading to additional support, joint research projects, or access to expertise in the field.

02/02/2017

They can assist in identifying the most suitable experimental protocols or provide recommendations for optimal usage.

Q&As

Is there ongoing research to better understand the AR protein and its role in diseases?

Absolutely, research on the AR protein and its involvement in diseases continues to advance. Scientists are actively studying the mechanisms of AR function, its interactions with other proteins and signaling pathways, and the complex regulation of its activity. Furthermore, ongoing research focuses on the development of new therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies and combination treatments, to combat diseases associated with the AR protein.

Can the AR protein be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Yes, targeting the AR protein is a common therapeutic strategy for certain diseases. In the case of prostate cancer, which is often androgen-dependent, drugs called androgen receptor antagonists or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are used to inhibit the action of the AR protein and lower androgen levels.

Are there any diseases or disorders associated with mutations in the AR gene?

Yes, mutations in the AR gene can lead to various diseases and disorders. One well-known condition associated with AR gene mutations is androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), where individuals with male sex chromosomes have impairment in the androgen receptor function. This can result in varying degrees of underdeveloped or ambiguous external genitalia and incomplete virilization.

Are there any ongoing research efforts focused on the AR protein?

Yes, there is ongoing research focused on understanding the AR protein and its role in various diseases and conditions. Scientists are trying to uncover the molecular mechanisms of AR signaling, including its interactions with coactivators and corepressors, as well as the factors that regulate its expression and activity.

Are there any ongoing research efforts focused on the AR protein?

Yes, there is ongoing research focused on understanding the AR protein and its role in various diseases and conditions. Scientists are trying to uncover the molecular mechanisms of AR signaling, including its interactions with coactivators and corepressors, as well as the factors that regulate its expression and activity.

Can the AR protein have any impact on female reproductive organs or characteristics?

While the AR protein primarily plays a role in male sexual development and characteristics, it can also have some impact on female reproductive organs and characteristics. In females, the AR protein is expressed at lower levels compared to males but can still be present, particularly in tissues like the ovaries, the adrenal glands, and the uterus. In these tissues, the AR protein may contribute to certain functions, such as regulating ovarian follicle development or influencing the growth and differentiation of the uterine lining. However, the extent and significance of the AR protein's role in female reproductive biology are still being investigated.

Are there any drugs available that target the AR protein?

Yes, there are several drugs available that target the AR protein. For example, anti-androgens like bicalutamide and enzalutamide are commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer to block the binding of androgens to the AR protein. These drugs help inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Other medications, such as abiraterone acetate and galeterone, also target the AR signaling pathway to treat advanced prostate cancer. These drugs work by reducing the production of androgens or directly inhibiting the AR protein.

Are there any known genetic variations that affect the AR protein?

Yes, genetic variations in the AR gene can impact the function of the AR protein. One common variation is a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in the gene, where the number of CAG repeats can vary among individuals. This CAG repeat length has been associated with the activity and efficacy of the AR protein. Longer CAG repeat lengths have been linked to reduced AR transcriptional activity and have been implicated in certain diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer.

Are there any known genetic variations that affect the AR protein?

Yes, genetic variations in the AR gene can impact the function of the AR protein. One common variation is a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in the gene, where the number of CAG repeats can vary among individuals. This CAG repeat length has been associated with the activity and efficacy of the AR protein. Longer CAG repeat lengths have been linked to reduced AR transcriptional activity and have been implicated in certain diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer.

Can environmental factors impact the function of the AR protein?

Yes, certain environmental factors can influence the function of the AR protein. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as certain pesticides, plastics, and industrial pollutants, has been shown to interfere with androgen signaling pathways. EDCs can bind to the AR protein and alter its function, leading to abnormal development of male sexual characteristics or other adverse effects on reproductive and non-reproductive tissues.

Can environmental factors impact the function of the AR protein?

Yes, certain environmental factors can influence the function of the AR protein. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as certain pesticides, plastics, and industrial pollutants, has been shown to interfere with androgen signaling pathways. EDCs can bind to the AR protein and alter its function, leading to abnormal development of male sexual characteristics or other adverse effects on reproductive and non-reproductive tissues.

Can the AR protein be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Yes, the AR protein can be targeted for therapeutic purposes, particularly in conditions where its function needs to be modulated. For example, in certain types of prostate cancer where the tumor cells rely on androgen signaling, medications known as androgen receptor inhibitors can be used to block the activity of the AR protein and prevent its interaction with androgens. This can help slow down the progression of the disease.

Can the AR protein be targeted for therapeutic purposes?

Yes, the AR protein can be targeted for therapeutic purposes, particularly in conditions where its function needs to be modulated. For example, in certain types of prostate cancer where the tumor cells rely on androgen signaling, medications known as androgen receptor inhibitors can be used to block the activity of the AR protein and prevent its interaction with androgens. This can help slow down the progression of the disease.

Can the AR protein have effects beyond male reproductive organs?

Yes, the AR protein is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, not just male reproductive organs. It has been found in certain brain areas, muscle tissue, bone cells, and skin cells, among others. In these tissues, the AR protein can have additional functions beyond regulating sexual characteristics. For example, it plays a role in muscle development and maintenance, bone density regulation, and skin health. Abnormalities in the AR protein function in these tissues can contribute to certain diseases and disorders.

Can the AR protein have effects beyond male reproductive organs?

Yes, the AR protein is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, not just male reproductive organs. It has been found in certain brain areas, muscle tissue, bone cells, and skin cells, among others. In these tissues, the AR protein can have additional functions beyond regulating sexual characteristics. For example, it plays a role in muscle development and maintenance, bone density regulation, and skin health. Abnormalities in the AR protein function in these tissues can contribute to certain diseases and disorders.

How is the AR protein regulated in the body?

The expression and activity of the AR protein are tightly regulated in the body. Regulatory mechanisms include hormone levels, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and coactivator/corepressor recruitment. Androgen levels, such as testosterone and DHT, are an important regulator of AR activity. Hormones bind to the AR protein, triggering conformational changes that allow it to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, also affect the activity, stability, and intracellular localization of the AR protein.

How is the AR protein regulated in the body?

The expression and activity of the AR protein are tightly regulated in the body. Regulatory mechanisms include hormone levels, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and coactivator/corepressor recruitment. Androgen levels, such as testosterone and DHT, are an important regulator of AR activity. Hormones bind to the AR protein, triggering conformational changes that allow it to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, also affect the activity, stability, and intracellular localization of the AR protein.

How does the AR protein function in the development of male sexual characteristics?

During male development, high levels of androgens, such as testosterone, bind to the AR protein in target tissues. This activates the AR protein, allowing it to enter the nucleus of cells and bind to specific DNA sequences called androgen response elements (AREs). By binding to AREs, the AR protein regulates the expression of genes involved in male sexual differentiation, leading to the development of male genitalia, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and body hair, and other secondary sexual characteristics.