Prlr

What is PRLR Protein?

PRLR, short for Prolactin Receptor, is a type of cytokine receptor that mainly operates through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. It's key to a bunch of body functions like milk production, reproduction, making pancreas cells, managing fat cells, and keeping the immune system in check. When prolactin hooks up with PRLR, it kicks off different signaling activities, and if these get messed up, it could lead to things like cancer, reproductive issues, and diabetes. Plus, prolactin isn't just a pituitary thing; it can pop up elsewhere, making its role in the body pretty complex. The PRLR protein is consisted of 622 amino acids and PRLR molecular weight is approximately 69.5 kDa.

What is the Function of PRLR Protein?

PRLR, short for Prolactin Receptor, is like a key player in our body that takes part in numerous essential activities. Think of it as a special type of receptor that mainly communicates through a pathway known as JAK-STAT. This receptor is important for a bunch of bodily processes like helping with milk production during breastfeeding, aiding in reproduction, supporting the development of cells in the pancreas, regulating fat cells, and even keeping our immune system in check. When the hormone prolactin hooks up with PRLR, it triggers these processes. If something messes up this system, it can lead to issues such as tumors, problems with having kids, or diabetes. Interestingly, prolactin isn't just limited to being produced in the pituitary gland; it can be found in other parts of the body, which only makes its role more complicated and fascinating.

Fig1. Transcriptional regulation of hPRLR induced by E2. (Raghuveer Kavarthapu, 2022)

PRLR Related Signaling Pathway

PRLR, short for Prolactin Receptor, is a protein that mainly gets things moving through something called the JAK-STAT pathway. Think of it as a messenger that prolactin, a kind of hormone, latches onto so it can send important signals around the body. This whole setup is crucial for loads of body functions like making milk, having babies, managing body fat, and even fighting off germs. If this signaling goes sideways, it might lead to problems like tumors, issues with having kids, or diabetes. And to make things a bit more complicated, prolactin isn't just hanging out in the pituitary gland; it can pop up in other places too, messing with how it all works.

PRLR Related Diseases

Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is connected to several health issues that might not be so obvious at first glance. When the signaling pathways involving PRLR and its partner, prolactin, get disrupted, it can lead to troubles like cancer, problems with reproduction, and even conditions like diabetes. Prolactin isn't just produced in the pituitary gland; it can pop up in different places, adding a layer of complexity to how it functions in the body. So, when these pathways go off course, it can show up in different forms, highlighting how key PRLR is in keeping things in balance.

Bioapplications of PRLR

Recombinant PRLR protein's got some real-world uses in research and industry. Scientists often dive into its role in various diseases, which helps in figuring out treatments. In labs, this protein is a key player for studying hormone interactions and signaling pathways. It's like having a hands-on tool to understand complex biological processes better. Meanwhile, in the biotech field, PRLR can be used to develop new therapeutic drugs or diagnostic tools. So, whether it's helping to unravel the mysteries of diseases or aiding in the development of next-gen medical solutions, PRLR is pretty versatile and valuable in these areas.

Case Study 1: Anwar Shams, 2021

Understanding how cancer cells lose their specific traits and become more stem cell-like is crucial since this change often leads to treatment failure and cancer spread. We discovered that messing with the prolactin receptor (PRLR) in certain breast cancer cells could be key. In hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, losing PRLR made cells less specialized and more stem-like, boosting their growth and ability to spread, even resisting hormone therapy. Similarly, in HER2-enriched breast cancer, lacking PRLR weakened their specific traits but made them better at forming tumors and spreading, resisting anti-HER2 treatment. Overall, PRLR seems to play a vital role in keeping breast cancer cells specialized and less aggressive, suggesting it could be a target for new cancer treatments.

Fig1. Immunoblot analyses of total cell lysates following stimulation with rhPRL.

Fig2. Confocal immunofluorescence images of PRLR.

Case Study 2: Ming Yang, 2022

Prolactin (PRL) is a key player in various bodily and disease processes by activating its special receptor, PRLR. While this pair's role has been well-studied in mammals, birds, and fish, research in reptiles is sparse. The PRL-PRLR interaction across different animals isn't fully understood, particularly because birds and some reptiles have two repeating segments in the PRLR binding domain. To explore this in reptiles, scientists cloned the PRL and PRLR genes from the Chinese soft-shelled turtle. The PRL gene encoded a protein of 228 amino acids while PRLR encoded a protein of 828 amino acids. They also developed a high-purity PRL protein using a specific strain of E. coli. Experiments showed that PRLR and a shorter version, PRLR-M2, could be activated by PRL, setting off the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway. This suggests the PRL-PRLR system works in these turtles, and the receptor's membrane-proximal domain is crucial for PRL attachment. PRL was mostly found in the pituitary gland, but PRLR was present across various tissues.

Fig3. Effects of recombinant PRL in activating PRLR (or GHR) expressed in HEK293T cells.

Fig4. Effects of recombinant PRL in activating PRLR-M1 (or PRLR-M2) expressed in HEK293T cells.

Prlr has several biochemical functions, for example, metal ion binding,ornithine decarboxylase activator activity,peptide hormone binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by Prlr itself. We selected most functions Prlr had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with Prlr. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Prlr has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with Prlr here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of Prlr.

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