FXR1

What is FXR1 Protein?

FXR1 protein, short for Fragile X Mental Retardation Syndrome-Related Protein 1, is involved in managing how cells use their RNA. It's part of a family of proteins linked to RNA-binding and helps control the stability, transport, and translation of RNA in the cell. This protein plays a big role in brain development and muscle function. Researchers are studying FXR1 because it's also found in higher levels in some cancers, hinting it might influence how cancer cells grow and survive. Understanding FXR1 can offer clues into both normal cell processes and disease mechanisms.

What is the Function of FXR1 Protein?

FXR1 protein's main job is to help regulate RNA in the cell. It binds to RNA and makes sure it stays stable, gets where it needs to go, and translates correctly into proteins. This protein is crucial for brain development and muscle health, keeping those systems running smoothly. In some cases, FXR1 appears at higher levels in cancers, suggesting it might help tumors grow or resist treatments. Scientists believe exploring FXR1 could uncover new ways to understand both healthy processes and diseases like cancer.

FXR1 Related Signaling Pathway

The FXR1 protein is a significant player in cellular signaling, particularly with RNA. It hooks onto RNA molecules and helps them stay intact, find their right place in the cell, and convert into proteins effectively. FXR1's influence is vital for proper brain and muscle function, as it manages how signals control these processes. In cancer, FXR1 can alter signaling pathways, potentially aiding tumor growth and survival. This makes it a focus for research, as understanding its pathways could lead to new cancer treatment strategies.

FXR1 Related Diseases

FXR1 is linked to several health issues, mainly because of its role in RNA regulation. In the brain, problems with FXR1 can affect development and function, possibly contributing to neurological disorders. It's also been found in high levels in some cancers, suggesting it might help tumors grow and resist treatment. Researchers are interested in FXR1 because understanding its involvement in these diseases could lead to better diagnostic tools and treatments, especially where RNA regulation goes awry.

Bioapplications of FXR1

FXR1 has some promising bioapplications, especially in medicine, because of its role in RNA regulation. Scientists are looking into how FXR1 could help treat neurological disorders, given its impact on brain development and function. In cancer research, targeting FXR1 might offer new ways to stop tumors from growing or becoming resistant to chemotherapy. Understanding FXR1's functions better could lead to innovative treatments by correcting or influencing RNA processes in different diseases.

Case Study 1: Hajikhezri Z. et al. J Virol. 2023

Human adenoviruses cause many diseases, and controlling virus capsid mRNAs from the major late transcription unit (MLTU) is key for virus creation. This study shows that the protein FXR1 regulates MLTU mRNA stability. When FXR1 is reduced, mRNA levels rise but virus formation drops, indicating FXR1's complex role. The longer FXR1 variant also blocks mRNA translation. FXR1 binds with m6A-modified MLTU mRNAs, acting as an m6A reader. Thus, FXR1 is crucial for managing MLTU mRNA in HAdV-5 infections.

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  Fig1. Unmodified A549 (WT, expressing Cas9) and CRISPR/Cas9-modified A549 (FXR1-KO) cells were infected with HAdV-5.
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  Fig2. Lentivirus-transduced A549 FXR1-KO cells expressing the Flag-s-FXR1 or Flag-l-FXR1 proteins.

Case Study 2: Datta C. et al. Sci Adv. 2022

Quiescent leukemic cells dodge chemo by shifting translation, with FXR1 playing a big role. High in these cells, FXR1 aids survival by modifying rRNAs, snoRNAs, and ribosomal proteins. It influences ribosomal gene transcription and processing. Overactive FXR1 increases phospho-eIF2α, redirecting translation toward survival signals. Blocking these pathways reduces chemosurvival, showing that elevated FXR1 alters ribosomes to help cells endure chemo.

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  Fig3. FXR1 levels over time of AraC (1 μM) treatment.
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  Fig4. Polysome analysis of FXR1 OE cells, with or without ISRIB treatment for 24 hours.

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  Fig1. FXR1 overexpression promotes cancer growth and metastasis. (Mrinmoyee Majumder, 2020)
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  Fig2. A summary of FXR1's mechanisms of action. (Natasha M Méndez-Albelo, 2024)

FXR1 has several biochemical functions, for example, G-quadruplex RNA binding,RNA binding,mRNA 3-UTR binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by FXR1 itself. We selected most functions FXR1 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with FXR1. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
poly(A) RNA binding	SAMD4,HIST1H4C,DDX21,TES,NOP2,MRPS11,AKAP8L,UBE2O,POP7,PURG
mRNA binding	RBFOX1,TYMS,SNRNP35,LIN28A,CPSF6,IGF2BP1,CELF1,NUDT21,NANOS2,SRSF1
G-quadruplex RNA binding	Aff2,PATL2,DHX36
mRNA 3-UTR binding	ELAVL1,KHSRP,CPEB4,CPEB3,ZNF385A,HNRNPC,PUM1,TUT1,CSDA,IGF2BP3
RNA binding	RBBP7,CRNKL1,ILF3A,THOC1,MRPL23,UMPS,PPARGC1B,PDCD11,PPP5C,SETD1BA

FXR1 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with FXR1 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of FXR1.

CSNK2A1;PRSS23;HSPB1;GBP2;CRMP1;HABP4;q5nig6_fratt;RIF1;CYFIP2;CEP126;C14orf1;LUC7L2;UBA6;Max;ssrna_ug