What is MUC2 Protein

      Mucin 2 (MUC2) is a key glycoprotein found primarily in mucus-secreting cells and occupies a central position in the complex field of molecular biology.

      MUC2 is a member of the mucin family, which is characterized by extensive glycosylation and gel-forming properties. MUC2 is primarily expressed in goblet cells and its importance lies in its unique structure, consisting of a protein core interspersed with highly glycosylated regions. This structure gives the mucus, the primary area where MUC2 acts, a gel-like viscoelasticity.

      MUC2-C structural model (Gallego, P., et al. 2023) Figure 1. MUC2-C structural model (Gallego, P., et al. 2023)

      The Function of MUC2 Protein

      At its core, MUC2 is a guardian of the epithelial surface, forming the first line of defense against external threats. MUC2 functions primarily as a mucosal barrier, forming a gel-like structure that traps and immobilizes pathogens, toxins, and other assailants, preventing direct contact with the underlying epithelial cells. In addition to this protective role, MUC2 also acts as a lubricant, minimizing friction and damage to mucosal surfaces, particularly in organs permanently exposed to external elements.

      MUC2-Related Diseases

      • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

      The relationship of MUC2 to IBD is clear. Studies have shown that MUC2 expression is altered in IBD patients, indicating an impaired mucosal barrier. This gap leads to increased permeability, allowing harmful substances to penetrate and exacerbating the inflammatory response, a hallmark of IBD.

      • Cystic Fibrosis

      In the realm of respiratory health, cystic fibrosis is another area where MUC2 is getting a lot of attention. Genetic abnormalities in cystic fibrosis lead to changes in mucus composition, including changes in MUC2. The result is the formation of thick mucus that hinders the clearance of pathogens and promotes recurrent respiratory infections.

      MUC2 Related Signaling Pathways

      • Wnt/β-catenin Pathway

      Regulation of MUC2 occurs through complex signaling pathways, in which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a dominant role. Activation of this pathway not only affects cellular processes but also upregulates MUC2 transcription. Therefore, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a major orchestrator in maintaining mucosal integrity by regulating the expression of key mucins, including MUC2.

      Applications of MUC2 in Biomedical Research

      • Diagnostic Biomarkers

      The unique properties of MUC2 make it a potential diagnostic biomarker. Changes in its expression or glycosylation patterns can serve as indicators of a variety of diseases. Monitoring MUC2 levels can provide valuable insights into disease progression and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, particularly in diseases such as IBD.

      • Therapeutic Target

      Understanding the signaling pathways that control MUC2 opens avenues for therapeutic intervention. Modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway or developing drugs targeting MUC2 offers innovative approaches to treat diseases associated with mucosal barrier dysfunction. MUC2 has emerged not only as a biomarker but also as a potential target for precision medicine.

      • Mucus Engineering

      Manipulating MUC2 properties could revolutionize mucus engineering. Inspired by the complexity of MUC2, tailoring artificial mucus with controlled properties holds promise for drug delivery. The development of customized mucus could revolutionize drug delivery systems by facilitating controlled release and targeted delivery.

      The molecular intricacies and versatile functions of the MUC2 molecule makes it a key player in health and disease. As our understanding improves, the potential of MUC2 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target becomes increasingly apparent. MUC2's journey into the molecular realm not only reveals its secrets, but also reveals pathways to innovative biomedical applications, shaping the future of precision medicine and drug delivery.

      Recommended Products for MUC2 Protein

      Cat.# Species Product name Source (Host) Tag
      MUC2-1515H Human Recombinant Human MUC2 Protein, GST tagged E.coli GST
      MUC2-285H Human Recombinant Human MUC2 protein, His-tagged E.coli His
      MUC2-3254H Human Recombinant Human MUC2 protein, His-tagged E.coli His
      MUC2-672H Human Recombinant Human MUC2 Protein (36-240 aa), His-SUMO-tagged E.coli His/SUMO
      MUC2-155H Human Recombinant Human MUC2 Protein, GST-tagged E.coli GST
      MUC2-4626H Human Recombinant Human MUC2 Protein (Ala4770-Ala5169), N-His tagged E.coli N-His
      Muc2-689M Mouse Recombinant Mouse Muc2 protein, His-tagged E.coli His
      Muc2-691M Mouse Recombinant Mouse Muc2 protein, His-tagged E.coli His
      Muc2-1803R Rat Recombinant Rat Muc2 Protein, His-tagged E.coli N-His
      MUC2-1146P Pig Recombinant Pig MUC2 Protein, His-tagged E.coli N-His

      Reference

      1. Gallego, P., et al. The intestinal MUC2 mucin C-terminus is stabilized by an extra disulfide bond in comparison to von Willebrand factor and other gel-forming mucins. Nat Commun. 2023, 14: 1969.