Recombinant Human CCL28 protein(Ile23-Tyr127), His-tagged

• Cat.No.: CCL28-245H
• Product Overview: Recombinant Human CCL28 (NP_683513.1) (Ile23-Tyr127) was expressed in E. coli with a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus.

Specification

• Species: Human
• Source: E.coli
• Tag: His
• Protein Length: Ile23-Tyr127
• Form: Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization.
• Molecular Mass: The recombinant human CCL28 consists of 121 amino acids and predicts a molecular mass of 14.2 KDa. It migrates as an approximately 19 KDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
• Purity: > 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
• Storage: Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20°C to -80°C. Store it under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Reconstitution: It is recommended that sterile water be added to the vial to prepare a stock solution of 0.2 ug/ul. Centrifuge the vial at 4°C before opening to recover the entire contents.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: CCL28 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 [ Homo sapiens ]
• Official Symbol: CCL28
• Synonyms: CCL28; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28; C-C motif chemokine 28; CC chemokine CCL28; CCK1; MEC; mucosae associated epithelial chemokine; SCYA28; small inducible cytokine A28; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys); member 28; small-inducible cytokine A28; mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 splice variant chi; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 28; MGC71902
• Gene ID: 56477
• mRNA Refseq: NM_148672
• Protein Refseq: NP_683513
• MIM: 605240
• UniProt ID: Q9NRJ3

Case Study

Case 1: Chen Y, et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024

Anti-angiogenesis therapy aims to stabilize tumor blood vessels, enhancing treatment effectiveness, but the details are unclear. This research found that low oxygen from this therapy raises CCL28 in lung cancer cells, which attracts pericytes and alters their metabolism. This process, involving retinoic acid pathways and boosting ANGPT1, helps stabilize the tumor's blood vessels.

Fig1. Expression of RDH13 and DHRS11 detected by western blot with or without exogenous supplement of CCL28.

Fig2. Relative expression of ANGPT1 after knockdown of RDH13 with or without stimulation of CCL28.

Case 2: Ren L, et al. Oncotarget. 2016

Tumor cells create a microenvironment to adapt and evade immune detection, especially during growth and spread. This study reveals that in low-oxygen conditions, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells increase CCL28 to attract regulatory T cells (Tregs), supporting tumor growth and blood vessel formation. Blocking CCL28 reduces Treg recruitment, while boosting it enhances tumor expansion. Additionally, inhibiting HIF1α stops CCL28's rise under hypoxia. This connection between Tregs and low oxygen in HCC might offer a new treatment target.

Fig1. CCL28 knockdown efficiency in SK-Hep-1 cells was analyzed by western blot assay.

Fig2. Western blot analysis of VEGF expression in Hepa1-6 and Hepa1-6-CCL28 tumors.

Application

CCL28, also known as MEC or CCK1, is part of the CC chemokine family and is mainly expressed in mucus-rich tissues like the salivary glands, mammary glands, trachea, colon, and small intestine. In research, recombinant CCL28 is crucial for studying its role in mucosal immunity, especially within the gut and respiratory system. It works by binding to CCR3 and CCR10, helping to guide T cells, eosinophils, and IgA plasma cells to mucus sites, making it vital for understanding mucosal immune responses. Additionally, CCL28's involvement in inflammation regulation and immune cell migration is significant, as its expression is boosted by inflammatory cytokines and bacterial byproducts. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against different bacteria and fungi, owing to the positive charge of amino acids at its C-terminus, highlight its importance in host defense research. Moreover, CCL28 can promote endothelial cell chemotaxis and tube formation, suggesting potential roles in angiogenesis and tissue repair. On the industrial front, recombinant CCL28 is produced using E. coli systems, ensuring high purity and biological activity. This makes it valuable for developing diagnostic kits as standard or antigen components in ELISA for inflammation-related markers. It's also beneficial in creating drug screening models for mucosal immunity and inflammation-related conditions, aiding in evaluating potential immunomodulatory drugs. The protein's application extends to antibody development for experiments like Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, assisting in exploring its expression and function across cells and tissues. Overall, recombinant CCL28 proves to be an essential player in both scientific inquiry and industrial applications. Its versatility in studying mucosal immunity, inflammation, antibacterial activity, and angiogenesis renders it a significant tool for advancing research and development in these areas. Whether in basic research or diagnostic and therapeutic development, CCL28 stands out for its multifaceted roles and importance.

Fig1. Top 10 properties of CCL28. (Teena Mohan, 2017)