Recombinant Human ALPG Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled

• Cat.No.: ALPG-3335H
• Product Overview: ALPPL2 MS Standard C13 and N15-labeled recombinant protein (NP_112603) with a C-terminal MYC/DDK tag, was expressed in HEK293 cells.

Specification

• Description: There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, localized to testis, thymus and certain germ cell tumors, that is closely related to both the placental and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase.
• Source: HEK293
• Species: Human
• Tag: Myc&DDK
• Molecular Mass: 55.2 kDa
• AA Sequence: MQGPWVLLLLGLRLQLSLGIIPVEE ENPDFWNRQAAEALGAAKKLQPAQT AAKNLIIFLGDGMGVSTVTAARILK GQKKDKLGPETFLAMDRFPYVALSK TYSVDKHVPDSGATATAYLCGVKGN FQTIGLSAAARFNQCNTTRGNEVIS VVNRAKKAGKSVGVVTTTRVQHASP AGTYAHTVNRNWYSDADVPASARQE GCQDIATQLISNMDIDVILGGGRKY MFPMGTPDPEYPDDYSQGGTRLDGK NLVQEWLAKHQGARYVWNRTELLQA SLDPSVTHLMGLFEPGDMKYEIHRD STLDPSLMEMTEAALRLLSRNPRGF FLFVEGGRIDHGHHESRAYRALTET IMFDDAIERAGQLTSEEDTLSLVTA DHSHVFSFGGYPLRGSSIFGLAPGK ARDRKAYTVLLYGNGPGYVLKDGAR PDVTESESGSPEYRQQSAVPLDGET HAGEDVAVFARGPQAHLVHGVQEQT FIAHVMAFAACLEPYTACDLAPPAG TTDAAHPGPSVVPALLPLLAGTLLL LGTATAPTRTRPLEQKLISEEDLAA NDILDYKDDDDKV
• Purity: > 80% as determined by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining
• Stability: Stable for 3 months from receipt of products under proper storage and handling conditions.
• Storage: Store at -80 centigrade. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Concentration: 50 μg/mL as determined by BCA
• Storage Buffer: 100 mM glycine, 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.3.

Gene Information

• Gene Name: ALPG alkaline phosphatase, germ cell [ Homo sapiens (human) ]
• Official Symbol: ALPG
• Synonyms: ALPPL2; alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2; alkaline phosphatase, placental-like; ALP-1; Nagao isozyme; germ cell alkaline phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase Nagao isozyme; placental-like alkaline phosphatase; testicular and thymus alkaline phosphatase; ALPG; GCAP; ALPPL
• Gene ID: 251
• mRNA Refseq: NM_031313
• Protein Refseq: NP_112603
• MIM: 171810
• UniProt ID: P10696

Case Study

Case 1: Bi Y, et al. Cell Rep. 2020

Human naive pluripotent stem cells, derived from the epiblasts of early-stage blastocysts, offer vital insights into the regulation of pluripotency and cell differentiation. Significant progress has been achieved in refining culture conditions and pinpointing the molecular hallmarks of naive pluripotency. Yet, the specific surface markers unique to naive cells and the detailed molecular controls of their pluripotent state are not fully explored.

In this study, through comprehensive analyses of proteomic and transcriptomic data, researchers have identified alkaline phosphatase placental-like 2 (ALPPL2) as a key surface marker for naive stem cells. They also found that ALPPL2 plays a crucial role in both initiating and sustaining the naive pluripotent state. Additionally, the research reveals that ALPPL2 interacts with the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1, which helps stabilize mRNA for the naive pluripotency transcription factors TFCP2L1 and STAT3, thereby influencing the regulation of naive pluripotency.

Fig1. Western blot analysis of pluripotency marker expression in nESCs and pESCs.

Fig2. RNA-seq signals at the ALPPL2 locus in nESCs before and after AKO as determined by Smart-Seq analysis.

Case 2: Dua P, et al. Cancer Res. 2013

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor survival rates, often due to the absence of early diagnostic markers. To discover new biomarkers for early detection and treatment, researchers utilized a Cell-SELEX technique to develop RNA aptamers targeting PDAC. This approach identified an aptamer, SQ-2, with high specificity for pancreatic cancer cells. Employing target pull-down and microarray analysis, they pinpointed ALPPL-2, an oncofetal protein, as the target of SQ-2. ALPPL-2's ectopic expression in PDAC cell lines suggests a role in cancer cell growth and invasion. The aptamer's ability to detect ALPPL-2 on cancer cells and in secretions indicates its potential for diagnostic use in PDAC.

Fig1. WB analysis of Panc-1 positive cells transfected with siALPPL-2-2 and siALPPL-2-3.

Fig2. ALPPL-2 Western blot analysis of membrane lysate of pancreatic cell lines.

Application

ALPG Protein belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family, especially germ cell type alkaline phosphatase. This protein is mainly present in germ cells (such as sperm and eggs) and early embryonic stem cells, and is involved in the development and maturation process of germ cells, and has an important impact on the motor capacity and fertilization capacity of germ cells.

ALPG, as a highly specific cell surface antigen in a variety of cancers, can be an important target for CAR-T cell therapy. Especially in ovarian cancer, mesothelioma and other tumors, ALPG shows a high degree of specificity, enabling CAR T cell therapy to accurately attack tumor cells and reduce toxic effects on normal tissues. The efficacy of ALPG in the SynNotch CAR T system has been validated in ovarian cancer xenotransplantation models. This study demonstrates the potential of ALPG as a target and lays the foundation for further clinical applications.

Due to the specific expression of ALPG in germ cells, it can be used to study the development and maturation mechanisms of germ cells. Through in vitro experiments, researchers can explore the specific role of ALPG in these processes, thereby revealing the relevant physiological and pathological processes. The recombinant ALPG protein can be used to validate its potential as a drug target. Through in vitro drug screening experiments, researchers can look for small molecule compounds that can regulate the activity of ALPG, which may have the potential to treat related diseases.

ALPG is highly expressed in certain tumors, such as seminoma and ovarian cancer. This makes ALPG a potential tumor marker that could be used for early diagnosis and monitoring of these tumors. The expression level of ALPG is closely related to the malignant degree and prognosis of some tumors. For example, elevated ALPG levels in patients with liver cancer may indicate a poor prognosis. Therefore, detecting the expression or activity of ALPG can provide important prognostic information for the clinic.

Fig1. NC-3000 analysis to calculate the amount of SQ2 internalization in pancreatic cancer cells. (Pooja Dua, 2015)

Reviews

09/01/2021

ALPG is very catalytic active and shows excellent catalytic performance even at low concentrations.

01/22/2021

ALPG has a high resolution in Western blot and can distinguish between similar protein molecular weights.

01/18/2020

ALPG detection method is sensitive and can detect trace amounts of protein, which is well suited for our study.

03/11/2019

I found that ALPG still maintained its original stability after repeated freezing and thawing, which was very beneficial for our experiment.

Q&As

Is ALPG a tumor marker?

It has not been determined whether the ALPG protein is a tumor marker, and more studies are needed to prove it.

What diseases is ALPG associated with?

This protein is associated with a variety of cancers, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases.

What diseases do mutations in the ALPG protein cause?

The association of ALPG protein mutations with disease has not been reported, and further research is needed.

Do ALPG proteins interact with other proteins?

ALPG proteins may interact with other proteins, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and hyaluronic acid.

Does the expression level of ALPG protein in tumors correlate with prognosis?

Several studies have shown that the expression level of ALPG protein in a variety of tumors is associated with prognosis. For example, in breast and liver cancer, high expression of ALPG protein is associated with poorer prognosis.

What is the role of ALPG protein in autoimmune diseases?

ALPG protein may play an immunomodulatory role in autoimmune diseases. Studies have shown that targeted therapy against the ALPG protein can reduce the body's immune response, thereby alleviating disease symptoms.

What is the relationship between ALPG protein and infectious diseases?

ALPG protein may play an important role in the immune response to infection, and its role in viral infection and inflammation needs further study.

In which cells is ALPG protein expressed?

The protein is mainly expressed in some mature immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils.

Which role of ALPG protein in tumor therapy?

It plays an important role in tumor cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Specific targeted therapy can reduce the spread and metastasis of malignant tumors.

In which organs is ALPG protein expressed?

ALPG protein is expressed in a variety of organs and tissues, including liver, kidney, heart, lung, etc.

What are the identification methods of ALPG protein?

At present, the commonly used methods for ALPG protein identification include ELISA, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.