RGN

What is RGN Protein?

RGN, or regucalcin, is a protein that plays a key role in calcium regulation within cells. Think of it as a sort of traffic controller, helping to direct various cellular processes by managing calcium levels. This protein is not only important for maintaining metabolic balance but is also involved in other crucial functions like DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Research shows that it can have protective effects against cell stress by limiting excessive calcium entry, which is crucial since too much calcium can lead to problems like cell death. In fact, regucalcin's ability to manage internal calcium levels makes it a point of interest in studying conditions like cancer, where its functions may become disrupted, leading to cell growth issues. Scientists are paying close attention to regucalcin in hopes of unveiling more about its potential therapeutic impact on diseases.

What is the Function of RGN Protein?

Regucalcin, often abbreviated as RGN, is a protein that plays a big role in keeping calcium levels balanced within cells. It's like a regulator, making sure everything stays in check, which is super important for cell functions like growth, DNA replication, and even preventing cell death. This protein helps control cell signaling pathways and can shield cells from stress by stopping too much calcium from entering. This is crucial because having excess calcium can lead to cellular problems or damage. RGN also takes part in metabolic processes, keeping things running smoothly. With its broad reach, RGN has become a key focus in diseases like diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer, where its normal activity might be disrupted. Researchers are keen on exploring its full potential, as understanding how RGN works could open up new avenues for therapies or interventions in these and other diseases. This makes RGN a promising area of study in the quest to develop novel treatments.

RGN Related Signaling Pathway

Regucalcin, or RGN, is involved in several signaling pathways that keep cells functioning smoothly. It plays a crucial role in managing calcium levels, making sure they don't go too high or too low, which is vital for cell growth, energy production, and gene activity. Beyond that, RGN also influences pathways that deal with oxidative stress and inflammation, helping cells avoid damage from things like reactive oxygen species. When these pathways go off track, it may lead to conditions like diabetes and cancer. Researchers are interested in RGN's potential for creating new treatments, as understanding how it works could make a big difference in managing these diseases.

RGN Related Diseases

Regucalcin (RGN) is connected to various health issues because of its important role in cellular activities, especially in maintaining calcium balance. When RGN levels or function go awry, it can lead to several diseases. For instance, in diabetes, improper calcium regulation and signaling disruptions are key factors, and RGN's regulatory role might be off balance. In cancer, low RGN expression has been observed, contributing to tumor growth and spread by failing to keep cell proliferation in check. It's also linked to osteoporosis since calcium plays a big role in bone health, and RGN helps modulate calcium within bone cells. Researchers are diving into how RGN's regulation — or misregulation — affects these diseases, as identifying RGN-related pathways might offer novel insights for treatment. As they continue to explore its broader impact, the hope is to leverage this knowledge into developing new strategies for managing or even preventing these conditions.

Bioapplications of RGN

Regucalcin (RGN) is becoming a hot topic in bioapplications due to its diverse roles in cells. Researchers are excited about its potential in regenerative medicine, especially for bone healing and growth, thanks to its role in calcium regulation. This makes it particularly interesting for tackling osteoporosis. RGN's ability to manage oxidative stress and inflammation opens doors for treating chronic conditions like diabetes and heart diseases. There's also buzz around its potential in cancer therapy since it seems to help slow down tumor growth. By digging into how RGN influences these processes, scientists hope to unlock new medical treatments that can lead to better health results and offer fresh approaches to battling various diseases.

Case Study 1: Yamaguchi M. et al. Int J Oncol. 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common kidney cancer. Lower levels of regucalcin, a protein that regulates genes, might aid cancer growth. Here regucalcin was reduced in cancerous kidney tissues but higher in those who survived longer, based on data. By increasing regucalcin in RCC cells, researchers halted their growth by blocking key signals and boosting tumor suppressors like p53. This suggests that enhancing regucalcin could be a new treatment approach for RCC.

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  Fig1. Suppressive effects of regucalcin overexpression on the proliferation in A498 cells.
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  Fig2. Overexpression of regucalcin regulates various proteins implicated in cell signaling process and transcription activity in A498 cells in vitro.

Case Study 2: Elsawy H. et al. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic compound known for harming cells by causing inflammation and making reactive oxygen species go wild. Enter Ruscogenin (RGN), a natural compound with strong anti-inflammatory effects. This study checked how RGN could help protect cells from the damage DON causes, particularly through the Nrf2 pathway and regulated by PI3K/AKT. Using HepG2 cells, researchers found that RGN helped shield these cells from DON's harmful effects. It reduced inflammation markers like TNF-α and COX-2 and cut down on reactive oxygen species. RGN also boosted antioxidant defenses by increasing Nrf2 and other protective proteins and engaged the PI3K/AKT pathway. Plus, it helped prevent cell death by altering levels of certain proteins.

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  Fig3. Cell viability effect of RGN on HepG2.
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  Fig4. RGN induces Nrf2 expression in DON-treated HepG2 cells.

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  Fig1. Regucalcin suppresses promotion of cell proliferation
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  it is expressed via signalling factors that stimulate cell proliferation and translocation to the nucleus by mechanisms mediated through protein kinase C. (M Yamaguchi, 2013)

RGN has several biochemical functions, for example, calcium ion binding,enzyme regulator activity,gluconolactonase activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by RGN itself. We selected most functions RGN had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with RGN. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
calcium ion binding	CAPNS1,ANXA11B,KCNIP1,ANXA3B,PRKCSH,MMP17,CHP,RHOT1,JAG1B,S100A12
zinc ion binding	TRIM54,LTN1,FBXO40,ADAM1B,MT1B,LIMCH1A,FHL2,BMP1B,PCGF2,PCGF3
enzyme regulator activity	BRCC3,SEPT2,DCP1B,APOC3,PPP1R7,EIF2B1,DPM2,MTMR9,RAB3GAP2,GCLM

RGN has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with RGN here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of RGN.