What is IGF1 Protein

      In the intricate world of molecular biology, the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) protein stands out as a key player with multifaceted roles.

      What is IGF1 Protein?

      IGF1 stands as a linchpin in the intricate machinery of cellular growth and development. This vital protein, predominantly synthesized in the liver, belongs to the family of insulin-like growth factors. Initiated by growth hormone stimulation, IGF1 orchestrates a symphony of biological processes crucial for overall physiological homeostasis.

      IGF1 production is tightly regulated, with growth hormone acting as the primary instigator. The liver takes center stage in IGF1 synthesis, responding to growth hormone signals by secreting this multifunctional protein into the bloodstream. Its systemic distribution allows IGF1 to exert its effects on a diverse array of tissues and organs.

      The Function of IGF1 Protein

      IGF1's functionality extends far beyond a mere contributor to growth. Its nuanced role encompasses pivotal functions that span cellular growth and division, muscle development, bone growth, and metabolic regulation.

      • Cellular Growth and Division

      IGF1 serves as a potent stimulator of cellular growth and division. By binding to its receptors on the cell surface, IGF1 initiates a cascade of events that fuel cell proliferation. This function is especially crucial during growth spurts, such as puberty, when IGF1 is instrumental in driving the expansion of various tissues.

      • Muscle Growth and Repair

      The impact of IGF1 on muscle growth and repair is notable. It enhances protein synthesis in muscle cells, facilitating not only muscle development but also aiding in the recovery process following injuries or strenuous exercise.

      • Bone Growth

      In the realm of skeletal development, IGF1 plays a pivotal role. It stimulates the production of bone cells and actively contributes to the regulation of bone density. Notably, deficiencies in IGF1 during childhood can result in growth retardation and skeletal abnormalities.

      • Metabolic Regulation

      Beyond its role in growth, IGF1 wears a metabolic hat. It influences glucose metabolism, exhibiting insulin-like effects that contribute to the maintenance of blood sugar levels. This dual functionality underscores the protein's significance in metabolic regulation.

      IGF1-Related Diseases

      While IGF1 is indispensable for normal physiological function, imbalances in its production or signaling can give rise to a spectrum of health issues.

      • Gigantism and Acromegaly

      Excessive growth hormone secretion, leading to elevated IGF1 levels, manifests as gigantism in childhood or acromegaly in adulthood. These conditions are characterized by abnormal growth of bones and tissues, resulting in enlarged extremities and distinct facial features.

      • Laron Syndrome

      Conversely, deficiencies in IGF1 or its receptors lead to conditions like Laron syndrome. Individuals with this syndrome experience short stature and developmental issues despite normal or elevated levels of growth hormone.

      • Cancer Risk

      Elevated levels of IGF1 have been implicated in an increased risk of certain cancers. The protein's growth-promoting properties create an environment conducive to the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells.

      IGF1 Related Signaling Pathways

      • IGF1 Receptors

      IGF1 exerts its effects by binding to receptors on the cell surface. These receptors, present on diverse cell types, serve as the entry point for IGF1's influence, facilitating its impact on a wide range of physiological processes.

      Cartoon representation of a working model for IGF1-induced IGF1R activation. (Li, J., et al. 2019)

      Figure 1. Cartoon representation of a working model for IGF1-induced IGF1R activation. (Li, J., et al. 2019)

      • Intracellular Signaling

      Upon binding to its receptors, IGF1 sets in motion a series of intracellular events. Activation of molecules such as insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) culminates in the activation of the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, orchestrating cellular responses.

      • Cellular Responses

      Activation of the IGF1 signaling pathway triggers diverse cellular responses, including increased cell survival, enhanced protein synthesis, and the inhibition of apoptosis. These orchestrated responses collectively contribute to the growth-promoting effects of IGF1.

      Applications of IGF1 in Biomedical Research

      The multifaceted nature of IGF1 has sparked significant interest in its potential applications within the realm of biomedical research.

      • Regenerative Medicine

      IGF1's capacity to stimulate cell growth and tissue repair positions it as a promising candidate in regenerative medicine. Researchers are actively exploring avenues to harness its regenerative properties for treating injuries, degenerative diseases, and conditions requiring tissue repair.

      • Muscle Wasting Disorders

      Given IGF1's role in promoting muscle growth, investigations into its potential use for treating muscle wasting disorders are underway. Conditions such as muscular dystrophy and age-related muscle loss could benefit from therapeutic interventions targeting the IGF1 pathway.

      • Osteoporosis Treatment

      The involvement of IGF1 in bone growth has prompted exploration into its potential as a treatment for osteoporosis. Strategies that stimulate bone formation through the administration of IGF1 or its analogs offer promising avenues for managing this prevalent bone disorder.

      • Anti-Aging Research

      The intricate interplay between IGF1 and cellular growth and repair has piqued interest in anti-aging research. Although the relationship between IGF1 and longevity is complex, understanding its influence on the aging process may unveil novel strategies for promoting healthy aging.

      In the realm of molecular biology, IGF1 emerges as a central player with far-reaching implications for growth, development, and cellular maintenance. The delicate balance in its synthesis and signaling underscores its significance, while imbalances can lead to a spectrum of health issues. As research unravels the intricacies of IGF1's signaling pathways and explores its applications in regenerative medicine, muscle disorders, and osteoporosis treatment, the potential for innovative therapies and interventions continues to grow. The unlocking of IGF1's molecular secrets propels us into a future where harnessing its potential could redefine the landscape of biomedical research and healthcare.

      Recommended Products for IGF1 Protein

      Cat.# Species Product name Source (Host) Tag
      IGF1-650H Human Active Recombinant Human Insulin Like Growth Factor-I, HIgG1 Fc-tagged, mutant CHO Fc
      IGF1-06H Human Recombinant Human IGF1 protein E.coli N/A
      IGF-08H Human Recombinant Human Long Arg3 Insulin-like Growth Factor-I E.coli N/A
      IGF1-810H Human Recombinant Human IGF1 protein, His & GST-tagged E.coli His/GST
      IGF1-020H Human Recombinant Human IGF1 Protein, MYC/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled HEK293 C-Myc/DDK
      Igf1-01M Mouse Active GMP Recombinant Mouse Igf1 Protein, His-Tagged E.coli His
      Igf1-081M Mouse Recombinant Mouse Igf1 Protein, MYC/DDK-tagged HEK293T MYC/DDK
      Igf1-814R Rat Recombinant Rat Igf1 protein, His & GST-tagged E.coli His/GST
      IGF1-2215R Rhesus Macaque Recombinant Rhesus monkey IGF1 Protein, His-tagged Mammalian Cell His
      IGF1-809C Chicken Recombinant Chicken IGF1 protein, His & GST-tagged E.coli His/GST

      Reference

      • Li, J., et al. Structural basis of the activation of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Nat Commun. 2019, 10: 4567.