CYP1A2
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Official Full Name
cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2 -
Overview
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and acetaminophen. The transcript from this gene contains four Alu sequences flanked by direct repeats in the 3' untranslated region. -
Synonyms
CYP1A2;cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2;CP12;P3-450;P450(PA);cytochrome P450 1A2;P450 form 4;cytochrome P450 4;cytochrome P(3)450;cytochrome P450-P3;dioxin-inducible P3-450;microsomal monooxygenase;xenobiotic monooxygenase;aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase;flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase;cytochrome P450, subfamily I (aromatic compound-inducible), polypeptide 2
Recombinant Proteins
- Human
- Rat
- Dog
- Pig
- Mouse
- E.coli
- Insect Cells
- HEK293
- Mammalian Cells
- Wheat Germ
- P.pastoris
- In Vitro Cell Free System
- Protein Conjugation
- His
- Non
- DDK
- Myc
- GST
- Avi
- Fc
- Flag
Background
What is CYP1A2 Protein?
CYP1A2 is a protein that works quietly but importantly in our bodies. Part of the cytochrome P450 family, it helps process a range of chemicals. You’ll mostly find CYP1A2 in the liver, where it breaks down things like drugs, caffeine, and some hormones. It acts like a natural filter, making sure we detoxify or convert what we consume into something useful or ready to be expelled. Because it plays a big part in drug metabolism, scientists are very interested in how CYP1A2 functions. When new medicines are being developed, understanding this protein is key because how active it is can change how well a drug works or what side effects might appear.
Fig1. Body map of cytochrome P450 enzyme expression. (Sarah C Preissner, 2013)
What is the Function of CYP1A2 Protein?
CYP1A2 is a busy protein found in our liver and a part of the cytochrome P450 group. Its main job is to help break down all kinds of substances we consume. This includes processing medications, so they work effectively in our bodies. It also deals with caffeine and some hormones, ensuring they're handled the right way. You can think of CYP1A2 as a natural filter, detoxifying chemicals and turning them into forms we can either use or safely eliminate. How well CYP1A2 works can change how drugs behave in our system, affecting their success and any side effects. Because of this, scientists pay a lot of attention to CYP1A2, especially when creating new drugs, since variations in its activity can influence how well medicines work and interact.CYP1A2 Related Signaling Pathway
CYP1A2 is part of an important signaling pathway in our body that involves breaking down various chemicals. Located mainly in the liver, this protein is key for processing drugs and compounds we encounter daily. It works by helping to modify these substances into something our bodies can use or get rid of. This pathway influences how effectively drugs work and their potential side effects. Changes in this signaling pathway can affect everything from how quickly a drug leaves our system to how active certain compounds become. Because of this, understanding the CYP1A2 pathway helps researchers and doctors predict drug interactions and personalize treatments for safer and more effective therapies.CYP1A2 Related Diseases
CYP1A2 plays a big role in processing what we put into our bodies, and when it’s off, health issues can arise. It's especially important for how we break down drugs and caffeine. If CYP1A2 is out of whack, medicines might not perform right, or you might experience side effects since they're not broken down properly. Plus, research suggests that how active CYP1A2 is could affect the risk of some cancers, especially those linked to hormones, like breast cancer. Since CYP1A2 also helps detoxify substances, changes in its activity could impact liver-related conditions. Doctors keep a close eye on CYP1A2 to tailor treatments and potentially lower the risk of these issues by tracking how active this protein is.Bioapplications of CYP1A2
CYP1A2 is a super important enzyme in our bodies, especially when it comes to handling different substances like medications and dietary elements. It's the one that helps process caffeine, for instance, and plays a part in how other drugs are broken down, such as some asthma medications. Beyond that, it also tackles some environmental toxins, helping to neutralize them. Factors like what you eat—take broccoli, for example—can actually ramp up its activity. Plus, researchers are digging into its potential connections to cancer, looking at how it might activate or deactivate certain carcinogens. This enzyme is really a testament to how our bodies manage so many intricate and crucial processes.Case Study
Case Study 1: Zietek BM. et al. SLAS Discov. 2018
By testing how drugs interact with cytochrome P450 enzymes like CYP1A2 early on, researchers can reduce failures in drug development. The nanofractionation platform helps with this. Here's how: a metabolic mix is split via liquid chromatography (LC), analyzed in tiny fractions on a plate using mass spectrometry (MS), and tested for CYP1A2 inhibition. This method creates a bioactivity map, identifying inhibitors by matching bioassay peaks with MS data. It successfully identified five CYP1A2 inhibitors and effectively tested mixtures with potent inhibitors and ellipticine metabolites, achieving clear separation and accurate bioactivity correlation.-
Fig1. Detection of potent inhibitors of CYP1A2 present in a mixture.
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Fig2. Detection of CYP1A2 inhibitors present in a Phase I metabolic mixture of ellipticine.
Case Study 2: Hou C. et al. BMC Cancer. 2024
Circular RNA, or circRNAs, are important in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, the role of circ_0008345, transcribed by PTK2, isn't fully understood. In this study, researchers explored what circ_0008345 does in CRC. They confirmed circ_0008345's circular structure and found it mainly in the cytoplasm. It binds to miR-182-5p, which targets the CRC oncogene CYP1A2. Drop in circ_0008345 lowered colony formation, cell movement, and tumor growth in mice. However, these effects were reversed when miR-182-5p was also knocked down. They discovered that METTL3 modifies circ_0008345 with m6A, and lowering METTL3 drops circ_0008345 levels.-
Fig3. The CYP1A2 expression in FHC, DLD1, and SW480 cells using immunoblotting.
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Fig4. The mRNA expression of CYP1A2 in response to different infections by RT-qPCR.
Quality Guarantee
High Purity
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Fig1. SDS-PAGE (CYP1A2-10H)
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Fig2. SDS-PAGE (CYP1A2-2245H)
Involved Pathway
CYP1A2 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. We selected most pathways CYP1A2 participated on our site, such as Aflatoxin B1 metabolism,Aflatoxin activation and detoxification,AhR pathway, which may be useful for your reference. Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with CYP1A2 were listed below. Creative BioMart supplied nearly all the proteins listed, you can search them on our site.
Pathway Name | Pathway Related Protein |
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Caffeine metabolism | NAT,XDH,CYP2A6,PNAT10,Nat3,NAT1,UOX,PNAT3,NAT2 |
Aflatoxin B1 metabolism | PRKRA,CYP3A4,CYP2A13,FAM84B |
AhR pathway | JUND,CDKN1B,CDKN1A,CYP1B1,CYP1A1,AIP,FLG,JUN,PTGES3,EGFR |
Arachidonic acid metabolism | CYP4A14,GPX5,CYP2B19,MAPKAPK2B,CYP2AD2,PLA2G2E,FAAH2A,PLA2G4B,PTGR1,GPX6 |
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification | ACY3.1,DPEP2,FAM84B,CYP3C1,CYP2A13,ACY3,CYP3A4,CYP3C4,GGT6,GGTLC1 |
Arylamine metabolism | NAT2 |
Biological oxidations | CYP2K17,CYP4A11,GLYATL1,Sult2a6,CYP2S1,ABHD14B,CYP11B1,CYP2A13,UGT1B4,UGT1B3 |
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Fig1. Main pathways and enzymes involved in caffeine degradation. (Jingjing Yu, 2024)
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Fig2. Two-step metabolic activation of clopidogrel within the liver. (Frank A Plakogiannis, 2024)
Protein Function
CYP1A2 has several biochemical functions, for example, aromatase activity,caffeine oxidase activity,demethylase activity. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by CYP1A2 itself. We selected most functions CYP1A2 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with CYP1A2. You can find most of the proteins on our site.
Function | Related Protein |
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aromatase activity | CYP2D10,CYP1A4,CYP2U1,CYP2C37,CYP2J6,CYP3A5,CYP2A13,CYP3A25,CYP2C9,CYP2A12 |
caffeine oxidase activity | CYP3A4,CYP2C38,FAM84B,CYP2C9,CYP2C39 |
heme binding | CYGB,SDHDA,CYP2K19,PTGIS,CYP26A1,FAM84B,CYP2AD2,CYP2AA1,CYP4F11,CYCS |
electron carrier activity | NDUFA12,GRXCR1,AKR7A2,COX11,NQO2,FDX1,GRX2,AOX3L1,NDUFS1,LOXL2 |
oxidoreductase activity | CYP4F18,FDFT1,DHRS11A,CYP2X9,CYP2K19,AIFM4,CYP2C19,SDR16C5A,HMGCRA,GPD1A |
iron ion binding | ALKBH8,CYP2K18,CYGB1,OGFOD2,CYP2AA9,ALOX5,CYP4A10,MSMO1,FDX1,CYP2R1 |
enzyme binding | PHKG2,MLEC,SCNM1-PS,PIAS3,CCND1,APOA1,NFKBIA,PRKCA,YWHAB,KMT2E |
demethylase activity | CYP3A41B,ALKBH4,CYP3A41A,CYP1A1,KDM1A |
monooxygenase activity | CYP1A,CYP51,CYP17A2,CYP2AA3,CYP46A1.2,CYP2C39,CYP2Y3,CYP2P6,CYP2F1,CYP4V7 |
Interacting Protein
CYP1A2 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with CYP1A2 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of CYP1A2.
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References
- von der Heyde, S; Wagner, S; et al. mRNA Profiling Reveals Determinants of Trastuzumab Efficiency in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. PLOS ONE 10:-(2015).
- Czerwinski, M; Kazmi, F; et al. Anti-CD28 Monoclonal Antibody-Stimulated Cytokines Released from Blood Suppress CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in Human Hepatocytes In Vitro. DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION 43:42-52(2015).