SOD3

What is SOD3 Protein?

SOD3, or Superoxide Dismutase 3, is a protein in humans encoded by the SOD3 gene. It's part of a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in protecting the body from oxidative stress by converting harmful superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. SOD3 is unique because it primarily operates outside the cell, anchoring to the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces. It's particularly important for maintaining the health of tissues like the brain and lungs. Interestingly, a study noted a high expression of SOD3 in the brains of queen ants, potentially linking it to their impressive longevity compared to worker ants.

What is the Function of SOD3 Protein?

SOD3, or extracellular superoxide dismutase, is a key player in keeping our body healthy. Think of it as a superhero that tackles those pesky superoxide radicals—harmful molecules that can wreak havoc on our cells. SOD3 swoops in to neutralize these radicals, converting them into substances that aren’t as damaging. By doing this, it protects our tissues and organs from oxidative stress, which is like a slow but steady assault on our cells. Moreover, SOD3 might be involved in maintaining blood vessel health and could have a hand in how our body fends off illnesses.

SOD3 Related Signaling Pathway

SOD3 is like a superhero battling those pesky free radicals, but it’s not flying solo—it’s part of a larger team. When SOD3 does its thing neutralizing radicals, it triggers a chain reaction, similar to a line of dominos falling. This can kickstart other proteins and molecules in our body, affecting pathways that aid cell repair or pathways that manage blood vessel flexibility. It's all about keeping everything balanced and ensuring our body’s systems function seamlessly.

SOD3 Related Diseases

SOD3 is an enzyme that helps protect our body from oxidative stress, which can be linked to a bunch of diseases. When SOD3 doesn't work well or is in low supply, it might contribute to problems like heart diseases because it allows oxidative stress to harm blood vessel walls. It's also tied to lung issues, as malfunction can lead to inflammation and damage in the lungs. Plus, there's some talk about its role in age-related disorders like Alzheimer's, where it helps protect brain cells from harm.

Bioapplications of SOD3

SOD3, the antioxidant enzyme, has some cool applications in the bio world because of its ability to neutralize harmful superoxide radicals. It's being used in studies to address damage from oxidative stress, which matters a lot for things like heart disease and brain disorders. Beyond just human health, people are looking at how SOD3 can be useful in agriculture, especially to help crops withstand environmental stresses better. By curbing oxidative stress, SOD3 supports healthy cells and can be valuable in both medicine and environmental stuff.

Case Study 1: Wang D. et al. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2024

Colorectal cancer is on the rise globally. SOD3, an antioxidant enzyme, has unclear roles in this cancer. Researchers studied SOD3 expression in colorectal cancer and its clinical impact. Enhancing SOD3 reduced tumor growth and liver spread in mice, and lowered Ki67, a cell growth marker. Less SOD3 was linked to worse outcomes, while more SOD3 limited cancer spread by stopping a key transition process.

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  Fig1. Western blotting to measure the protein level of SOD3 in 8 randomly selected paired tissues.
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  Fig2. Western blotting of SOD3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin protein levels.

Case Study 2: Mai N. et al. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020

Research shows the lungs can regulate immune activation by affecting blood leukocytes. Researchers explored if targeting an antioxidant enzyme, SOD3, in the lungs impacts post-ischemic neutrophil activity and CNS injury. Male mice with human SOD3 were used, undergoing short global cerebral ischemia. After three days, lung and brain tissues were analyzed for inflammation and injury through immunohistochemistry. Assays were done to understand hSOD3's effects on neutrophils. Compared to normal controls, hSOD3 mice showed less lung inflammation, blood-brain barrier damage, and brain injury. Neutrophils from hSOD3 mice were less responsive to stimuli, moved slower, and were less harmful to neurons.

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  Fig3. Quantification of neuronal pyknosis within CA1 in WT and TgSOD3 mice with frequency distribution of nuclear size in WT and TgSOD3 mice.
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  Fig4. TgSOD3 effects on microglial activation as measured by Iba1 upregulation.

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  Fig1. Membrane trafficking and Redox signaling of NOX2 and SOD3. (Steen Vang Petersen, 2021)
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  Fig2. The effect of SOD3 on MSCs. (Shyam Kishor Sah, 2020)

SOD3 has several biochemical functions, for example, SMAD binding,chromatin binding,histone deacetylase binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by SOD3 itself. We selected most functions SOD3 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with SOD3. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
histone deacetylase binding	CEBPB,BCOR,HOXA10,TRAF6,HDAC5,RAD9A,NKX3,MEF2D,PARK2,BRMS1
SMAD binding	ACVR1B,SNW1,TGFBR3,SKOR1,PRDM16,SMURF2,COL3A1,TCF12,RNF111,AXIN1
chromatin binding	WAC,EED,PRDM11,EWSR1A,PAF1,STAT5B,ZMYND11,PCNA,SP140,NKX6-1
transcription corepressor activity	WTIP,SIRT6,ERF,TRIM28,E2F8,RBFOX2,JUB,HIPK2,HOXC6,CIR1

SOD3 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with SOD3 here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of SOD3.

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