RXRG

What is RXRG Protein?

The RXRG protein, known as retinoid X receptor gamma, is part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. It forms heterodimers with retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors. This pairing boosts these receptors' ability to bind to DNA elements, thereby influencing a wide range of biological processes. RXRG is vital for nervous system development and myelin formation, showing a strong link with retinoic acid response. Additionally, RXRG acts as a tumor suppressor in certain cancers. For example, in breast cancer, higher levels of RXRG expression are associated with a better prognosis, suggesting its protective role.

What is the Function of RXRG Protein?

Retinoid X receptor gamma (RXR-gamma) is part of a group of nuclear receptors that help control the effects of retinoic acid, impacting how cells grow and develop. RXR-gamma pairs up with receptors for retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D, boosting their ability to latch onto DNA and switch genes on or off. It's typically found in lower amounts in non-small cell lung cancer, suggesting it might play a role in cancer dynamics. RXR-gamma influences various processes related to gene regulation, making it important in how cells respond to signals and possibly in disease mechanisms.

RXRG Related Signaling Pathway

Retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRG) is a type of nuclear receptor that is key in controlling gene expression. It does this by partnering with other receptors, such as PPARs, to create heterodimers. This partnership is crucial for processes involved in lipid metabolism, helping to maintain cholesterol levels and manage fatty acid balance. RXRG is also crucial in retinoic acid signaling, impacting vital functions such as vision and immune responses. Additionally, it’s involved in modulating thyroid hormone activity, affecting metabolism and energy processes. Given its versatile involvement in multiple biological functions, RXRG is a significant point of research for understanding and treating various metabolic and cellular disorders.

RXRG Related Diseases

Retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRG) has been linked to a variety of health issues. Primarily, alterations in RXRG can lead to metabolic disorders because it's crucial in lipid metabolism through its role in controlling gene expression. Diseases associated with RXRG dysfunction include conditions like diabetes and other metabolic syndromes. This is due to RXRG's role in regulating cholesterol and fatty acid balance, which are vital in maintaining overall metabolic health. Additionally, disruptions in RXRG signaling can also impact thyroid hormone action and retinoic acid signaling, potentially leading to broader systemic effects. Understanding the involvement of RXRG in these pathways can provide insights into therapeutic targets for such metabolic diseases.

Bioapplications of RXRG

RXRG, or Retinoid X receptor gamma, plays some fascinating roles in medicine. Researchers are looking at it closely in the fight against diabetes and cholesterol problems, thanks to its role in managing how our bodies handle fats. In cancer research, RXRG is attracting attention because it can affect how cells grow and die, which might lead to better treatments. It's not just about metabolism and cancer, though; RXRG might also be important for brain health. Scientists are curious about its possible connection to neurodegenerative diseases, which could mean new ways to treat these conditions. Overall, RXRG's wide-ranging influence in different areas of health makes it an exciting target for new medical treatments.

Case Study 1: Sołtys K. et al. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is part of the nuclear receptor family, working as a hub by forming pairs with other similar receptors. RXR's structure is much like its fellow receptors, but the AB region makes its subtypes and versions unique. So far, the specific details about the AB section of hRXRγ haven’t been explored. This study reveals that this region behaves like a pre-molten globule-type protein, which means it's flexible but also has a tendency to fold. Additionally, researchers found that the AB region helps drive liquid-liquid phase separation—a key process in cells.

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  Fig1. The far-UV spectra of AB_hRXG in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of GdmCl.
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  Fig2. Effect of TFE on the proteolysis of the AB region of hRXRγ by proteinase K and trypsin.

Case Study 2: Kalra RS. et al. PLoS One. 2013

Cellular transformation involves complex molecular changes affecting epigenetic, transcription, and protein networks. Understanding protein changes during this process helps reveal key pathways in disease progression. By analyzing protein expressions in ovarian cancer models, researchers identified sets of proteins linked to early transformation phases, including RXR-γ, which plays a role in cell differentiation and death. RXR-γ impacts these pathways in pre-transformed cells, and retinoid treatments boost RXR-γ in transformed cells, promoting cell death and hindering tumor growth in studies. These findings suggest that reducing RXR-γ might help transformed cells resist apoptosis, a cancer trait, whereas retinoids might make tumor cells more susceptible to apoptosis by boosting RXR-γ.

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  Fig3. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with RXR-γ showing eluted Immunocomplex by silver staining.
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  Fig4. Expression of RXR-γ, PPAR-γ, Caspase 9, Bcl-2 and snail upon retinoids treatment in A4-P cells whereas.

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  Fig1. Schematic model showing modulation of cellular differentiation and apoptosis by RXR-γ during the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. (Rajkumar S Kalra, 2013)
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  Fig2. Map of the mechanisms by which the liver transcriptome is associated with the non-target metabolome. (Xuan Chen, 2024)

RXRG has several biochemical functions, for example, 9-cis retinoic acid receptor activity,RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding,protein binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by RXRG itself. We selected most functions RXRG had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with RXRG. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

Function	Related Protein
9-cis retinoic acid receptor activity	RXRGA,RXRB,RXRAB,RXRA
zinc ion binding	SIAH2L,RARG,LMX1BB,ADAM32,MAN2B1,BTR06,USP22,PPARA,SH3RF1,ZNRF1
protein binding	GPRASP2,CYB561,SERPINA3K,TTC33,KIAA1143,ADD1,TERT,TAF6L,CTTN,CCNA2
steroid hormone receptor activity	OLFR78,PAQR7A,NR6A1A,NR6A1,NR2C1,NR1H3,NR1D4B,ESR1,THRAA,NR2E3
RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	ESX1,ATF4B1,PURB,DMRT2,CREBBP,ESRRG,RARA,ETV3,PKNOX2,GATA2

RXRG has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with RXRG here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of RXRG.

RARA;NR1H3;NR1H2