MAT2B

What is MAT2B protein?

MAT2B (methionine adenosyltransferase 2 non-catalytic beta subunit) gene is a protein coding gene which situated on the long arm of chromosome 5 at locus 5q34. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) family. MAT catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. This protein is the regulatory beta subunit of MAT. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. It is consisted of 334 amino acids and is approximately 37.6 kDa.

What is the Function of MAT2B protein?

The function of MAT2B protein is to stabilize and enhance the catalytic activity of the MAT2A catalytic subunit. MAT2B protein acts as an allosteric activator of MAT2A, increasing its affinity for its substrate, methionine, and enhancing the overall enzymatic activity of MAT. The MAT2B protein is primarily expressed in the liver, where it plays a critical role in maintaining SAM levels. SAM is involved in numerous cellular methyltransferase reactions that are essential for DNA and protein methylation, polyamine synthesis, and phosphatidylcholine synthesis, among other processes.

MAT2B Related Signaling Pathway

PI3K/AKT signaling and p38 MAPK signaling can regulate the expression of MAT2B. And one research revealed MAT2B promote cell proliferation by ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Since the MAT2B protein plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function maintenance, it may interact with other mitochondria-related signaling pathways.

MAT2B Related Diseases

MAT2B is a protein involved in the regulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis, which is an essential biological molecule involved in various cellular processes such as methylation, gene expression, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Dysfunction or dysregulation of MAT2B or SAM synthesis can potentially contribute to various diseases including liver diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. Mutations in the MAT2B gene are one of the common causes of mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, including MELAS syndrome, MERRF syndrome, Leigh syndrome, etc.

Fig1. MAT2B expression was upregulated in 49 primary melanoma (PM) and 38 metastatic melanoma (MM) tissues compared to 42 benign nevus (BN) samples and was associated with melanoma differentiation status.

Bioapplications of MAT2B

Drugs that target MAT2B may be used to regulate SAM levels, thereby affecting various biological processes associated with SAM. Although the current study is mainly focused on MAT2A, given the high binding affinity of MAT2A and MAT2B, it may be possible to develop drugs targeting MAT2B in the future for the precision treatment of cancer. The relevant research of MAT2B may contribute to our in-depth understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of energy metabolism-related diseases and serve as a potential target for gene therapy.

Case Study 1: Shengyan Su, 2020

Fig1. Western blot analyses of BRD4, MAT2B and PPARγ in activated HSCs in vitro (n = 3).

Case Study 2: Jin Xu, 2019

Fig2. The expression of MAT2B protein was upregulated in all three triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines.

MAT2B has several biochemical functions, for example, enzyme binding,methionine adenosyltransferase regulator activity,protein binding. Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by MAT2B itself. We selected most functions MAT2B had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with MAT2B. You can find most of the proteins on our site.

MAT2B has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. Those interactions were detected by several methods such as yeast two hybrid, co-IP, pull-down and so on. We selected proteins and molecules interacted with MAT2B here. Most of them are supplied by our site. Hope this information will be useful for your research of MAT2B.

KPNA4;TRIM27;MAT2A;KPNA3