LYZ

• Official Full Name

  lysozyme

• Overview

  The acronym ANCA (Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies) is defined by an accumulation of autoantibodies with specificity against different granulocytic, monocytic and probably endothelial cytoplasmic antigens. PR3 and MPO are well defined as reliable serological markers for a definite group of primary systemic vasculitides (PSV), which were also named ANCA associated vasculitides (AAV). The occurrence of AAV is clearly higher than supposed. The incidence is 1.5 per 1000 and in the group of older persons nearly 5 per 1000. The clinical appearance of the AAV is characterized through manifestations in lung, kidney and respiratory tract. In the last years, newer investigations discovered and characterised a couple of new pANCA antigens: Elastase, Cathepsin G, Lysozyme and Lactoferrin. Up to now, ANCA screening has been done with immunofluorescence techniques, but often there have been difficulties in the evaluation and in clinical findings. Therefore, the results have to be scrutinised with counter examinations on other cells or in other test systems like ELISA. Moreover it was not possible to differentiate the single cANCA and pANCA antigens.<br/>1. Proteinase 3<br/>The major antigen for the cANCA reactivity is the neutral serine protease 3 (synonyms: p29, AGP7, Wegener autoantigen), which belongs to the Trypsin/Chymotrypsin family. In 1988 several groups showed that the antigen is a protein with a molecular weight of 29 kDa. PR3 was already described in 1973 by Ohlsson and Olsson under the name neutrophile collagenase. In the meantime it seams certain, that autoantibodies against PR3 are highly specific as serological marker for the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (specificity: initial phase 50%, generalization phase >90%).Moreover there is a correlation between the concentration of the autoantibodies and the disease activity.<br/>2. Myeloperoxidase<br/>Myeloperoxidase is the major antigen in nearly 60% of the pANCA findings. The occurrence of autoantibodies against MPO is classified as relevant marker for the rapid progressive nephritis. Moreover these antibodies occur in 70-90% in all patients with serious kidney injury. Over and about they have also been detected at the Churg-Strauss-Syndrom (CSS), Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) and other vasculitis diseases. The concentration of the autoantibodies correlates well with the disease activity of MPA. MPA is also characterised by clinical manifestations of lung, kidney and respiratory tract, but these manifestations are, in contrast to WG, not granulomatous. However, these antibodies have, in contrast to the high specificity of PR3 anti-bodies for WG, a minor specificity of 60% in the diagnosis of MPA. The absence of autoantibodies against MPO and PR3, by simultaneous detection of ANA can be used as a tool for differential diagnosis between AAV and SLE induced vasculitis.<br/>3. BPI<br/>Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, BPI is a membrane-located protein that is classed as an ANCA-Antigen of polymorph-nuclear granulocytes and monocytes that bind endotoxin. Its autoantibodies are now classified as cANCA. Due to BPIs high affinity to lipopolysaccharides its antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative bacteria is significant. BPI is cleaved and thus inactivated by using Elastase or other serine protease. Autoantibodies against BPI are above all detected in chronically infectious intestinal diseases such as Morbus Crohn or colitis ulcerosa. In contrast to anti-MPO and anti-PR3 autoantibodies, those against BPI seem not to have any association with vasculitis.<br/>4. Elastase<br/>Elastase is a serine protease with a sequence homology of 54% to that of proteinase 3. It occurs mainly in polymorph-nuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN), in macrophages and endothelial cells. The dismantling of proteoglycans by neutrophiles is mainly due to Elastase's proteolytic activity. Furthermore, Elastase participates decisively in tissue destruction connected with emphysemas and rheumatoid arthritis. Autoantibodies against this antigen are generally associated with inflammatory rheumatic disorders, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis.<br/>5. Cathepsin G<br/>The cathepsins belong to a group of intracellular proteases mainly found in lysosomes, especially of the spleen, the liver and the kidney. Cathepsin G is a serine protease and a further pANCA antigen. It participates to a great part in the destruction of osteoid tissue as of its hydrolytic properties. The autoantibodies against Cathepsin G occur mainly in collagenosis and other related inflammatory rheumatic diseases, e.g. SLE, Sj?gren′s syndrome and Felty's syndrome.<br/>6. Lysozyme<br/>Lysozyme is a glycosidase, which decomposes the glycosidic bond between C-1 of MNAc and C-4 of GlcNAc. Lysozyme is localised in the azurophilic as well as in the specific granules of neutrophils and in extracellular liquid compartments like tears and salivary, where it spreads out his antimicrobial activities against invading bacteria. LZ belongs also to the pANCA and autoantibodies against Lysozyme occur in higher frequency in rheumatoid vasculitis and inflammatory bowel disease like colitis ulcerosa.<br/>7. Lactoferrin<br/>Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein, which occurs in high concentrations in secretions at mucosa surfaces, in tears and in milk. LF also resides in the specific granules of polymorphnuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) and becomes exocytosed upon PMN activation. During active inflammatory disease, raised serum levels of LF can be measured. The physiological antimicrobial effect of Lactoferrin depends on its iron-binding capacity, because most of the bacteria require iron for their own physiological pathways. LF inhibits myelopoiesis, prevents complement activation and prevents the formation of hydroxyl radicals. It is quite possible that LF has several important roles, like secretory IgA, as a non-specific antiphlogistic defence factor at mucosal surfaces. LF belongs to the pANCA, depending on the redistribution from the granules toward the nuclei, upon ethanol fixation. Autoantibodies against Lactoferrin occur in higher frequency in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis (RV), colitis ulcerosa (CU) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

• Synonyms

  LYZ;lysozyme;lysozyme (renal amyloidosis);lysozyme C;renal amyloidosis;1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C;LZM

Cat.#	Product name	Source (Host)	Species	Tag	Protein Length	Price
LYZ-65E	Lysozyme From Chicken Eggs (Food Grade)	Chicken Egg	Chicken	Non		$49 / 1g
LYZ-04H	Active Recombinant Human Lysozyme		Human	Non		Inquiry
LYZ-64H	Active Recombinant Human Lysozyme	Rice Grain	Human	Non		Inquiry
LYZ-249H	Active Native Human Lysozyme	Human Neutrophil	Human	Non		Inquiry
LYZ-29007TH	Active Native Human LYZ	Human Blood	Human	Non	130 amino acids	Inquiry
LYZ-1033H	Recombinant Human LYZ, MYC/DDK-tagged, 13C & 15N Labeled	HEK293	Human	Myc&DDK		Inquiry
LYZ-2612R	Recombinant Rhesus monkey LYZ Protein, His-tagged	Mammalian Cell	Rhesus macaque	His		Inquiry
LYZ-275H	Recombinant Human LYZ protein, His-tagged	HEK293	Human	His	Lys19-Val148	Inquiry
LYZ-5784C	Recombinant Chicken LYZ protein, His-tagged	E.coli	Chicken	His	Lys19~Leu147	Inquiry
LYZ-5785H	Recombinant Human LYZ protein, His-tagged	E.coli	Human	His	Cys24~Gln144	Inquiry
LYZ-6833C	Recombinant Chicken LYZ	Mammalian Cell	Chicken	His		Inquiry
LYZ-9402Z	Recombinant Zebrafish LYZ	Mammalian Cell	Zebrafish	His		Inquiry
LYZ-4580HCL	Recombinant Human LYZ 293 Cell Lysate	HEK293	Human	Non		Inquiry
LYZ-05B	Recombinant Bovine LYZ protein, His-tagged	E.coli	Bovine	His	Gly18~Leu147	Inquiry
LYZ-139C	Native Chicken lysozyme	Chicken Egg White	Chicken	Non	Full length native chicken egg white lysozyme	Inquiry
LYZ-1501C	Recombinant Chicken LYZ protein	E.coli	Chicken	Non	19-147aa	Inquiry
LYZ-1940L	Recombinant Lophura Leucomelanos LYZ Protein (1-129 aa), His-SUMO-tagged	E.coli	Lophura Leucomelanos	His&SUMO	1-129 aa	Inquiry
LYZ-2432R	Recombinant Rhesus Macaque LYZ Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged	HEK293	Rhesus macaque	His&Fc&Avi		Inquiry
LYZ-2432R-B	Recombinant Rhesus Macaque LYZ Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads	HEK293	Rhesus macaque			Inquiry
LYZ-2582HFL	Recombinant Full Length Human LYZ, Flag-tagged	Mamanlian cells	Human	Flag	Full L.	Inquiry
LYZ-27700TH	Native Human LYZ	Human Neutrophil	Human	Non	Full L. 19-148 a.a.	Inquiry
LYZ-3196H	Recombinant Human LYZ protein, His-SUMO-tagged	E.coli	Human	His&SUMO	19-148aa	Inquiry
LYZ-3414H	Recombinant Human LYZ Protein, His (Fc)-Avi-tagged	HEK293	Human	His&Fc&Avi		Inquiry
LYZ-3414H-B	Recombinant Human LYZ Protein Pre-coupled Magnetic Beads	HEK293	Human			Inquiry
LYZ-4478H	Recombinant Human LYZ Protein (Lys19-Val148), C-His tagged	Mammalian cells	Human	His	Lys19-Val148	Inquiry
LYZ-4479H	Recombinant Human LYZ Protein (Lys19-Val148), N-His tagged	E.coli	Human	His	Lys19-Val148	Inquiry
LYZ-4533H	Recombinant Human LYZ Protein, GST-tagged	Wheat Germ	Human	GST		Inquiry
LYZ-5316H	Native Human Lysozyme(salivary)	Human Blood	Human	Non		Inquiry
LYZ-6038HF	Recombinant Full Length Human LYZ Protein, GST-tagged	In Vitro Cell Free System	Human	GST	Full L. 148 amino acids	Inquiry
LYZ-643C	Recombinant Chicken LYZ protein, MBP&His-Avi-tagged, Biotinylated	E.coli	Chicken	N-MBP&C-His-Avi	19-147aa	Inquiry
LYZ-683G	Natural Gallus gallus (Chicken) domesticus allergen 4 (LYZ) protein	Chicken egg white	Chicken			Inquiry

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